![]() ![]() Sanger sequencing was applied, and the resulted sequences were matched with the sequences of the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) nucleotide database. pylori) were used to amplify the 16S ribosomal gene. Two sets of primers (universal and specific for H. The DNA extraction was performed by using the guanidine chloride method. A total of 75 gastric biopsies were taken from patients who had been referred for endoscopy from different regions of Sudan. pylori strains detected from different tribes and regions of Sudan using 16S rRNA gene and the phylogenetic approach. In this study, we analyzed the molecular evolution of H. pylori strains are known to mirror human migration patterns and reflect significant demographic events in human prehistory. pylori) is ubiquitous among humans and one of the best-studied examples of an intimate association between bacteria and humans. Zhao Y, Wei W, Lee IM, Shao J, Suo X, Davis RE (2009) Construction of an interactive online phytoplasma classification tool, iPh圜lassifier, and its application in analysis of the peach X-disease phytoplasma group (16SrIII).Background. Yang HX, Wang Y, Zhao YL, Zhao J, Liu MJ (2011) Molecular classification of jujube witches’ broom (JWB) associated phytoplasma from Ziziphus jujuba mill. Wei W, Davis RE, Lee IM, Zhao Y (2007) Computer-simulated RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA genes: identification of ten new phytoplasma groups. The IRPCM Phytoplasma Working Team-Phytoplasma taxonomy group (2004) ‘Candidatus phytoplasma’ a taxon for the wall-less, non-helical prokaryotes that colonize plant phloem and insects. Tamura K, Peterson D, Peterson N, Stecher G, Nei M, Kumar S (2011) MEGA5: molecular evolutionary genetics analysis using maximum likelihood, evolutionary distance, and maximum parsimony methods. Strauss E (2009) Phytoplasma research begins to bloom. Santos-Cervantes ME, Chávez-Medina JA, Acosta-Pardini J, Flores-Zamora GL, Méndez-Lozano J (2010) Genetic diversity and geographical distribution of phytoplasmas associated with potato purple top disease in Mexico. China Agriculture Press, Beijing(in Chinese) Liu MJ, Zhao J, Zhou JY (2010) Jujube witches’ broom. Lee S, Han S, Cha B (2009) Mixed infection of 16S rDNA I and V groups of phytoplasma in a single jujube tree. Lee IM, Martini M, Marcone C, Zhu SF (2004) Classification of phytoplasma strains in the elm yellows group (16SrV) and proposal of ‘ Candidatus phytoplasma ulmi’ for the phytoplasma associated with elm yellows. Jung HY, Sawayanagi T, Kakizawa S, Nishigawa H, Wei W, Oshima K, Miyata S, Ugaki M, Hibi T, Namba S (2003) ‘ Candidatus phytoplasma ziziphi’, a novel phytoplasma taxon associated with jujube witches’-broom disease. Gundersen DE, Lee IM (1996) Ultrasensitive detection of phytoplasmas by nested-PCR assays using two universal primer pairs. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 35(5):403–409(in Chinese) Gu PW, An FQ, Wu YF, Yang D, Luo CP, Xiang JY, Yang Y (2005) Comparison and analysis of 16S rDNA fragment of phytoplasma of wheat blue dwarf. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica 45(2):113–120(in Chinese) Phytopathol Mediterr 48:355–378Ĭhen N, Liu YG, Qiu PP, Liu WH, Su WM, Zhu XP (2015) Molecular identification and sequence polymorphism of phytoplasma associated with jujube witches’ broom in Shandong province. This result provides valuable information to better understand the genetic diversity of JWB phytoplasmas.Īssunta B, Bojan D (2009) Phytoplasma and phytoplasma diseases: a review of recent research. The high similarity among JWB isolates from different regions and cultivars is consistent with the conserved symptoms of the disease and the wide infectivity of JWB phytoplasmas. Virtual RFLP and single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) analysis of 16S rDNA also revealed that JWB isolates have a relatively low level of genetic diversity and that their SNP sites exhibit a strong bias toward A/G variation when compared with other phytoplasmas. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences from those isolates, together with the representative phytoplasma sequences from other host species, showed that all JWB isolates belong to a subgroup of 16Sr V group and are closely related to Elm yellows (EY) phytoplasma. The isolates were over 99.8 % homologous, indicating that JWB phytoplasma is highly conserved. The 16S rDNA of 15 JWB isolates from 4 provinces in North China were amplified, cloned and sequenced. Jujube witches’ broom (JWB), a plant disease caused by phytoplasma, is highly fatal in Chinese jujube, an important fruit tree and medicinal crop in Asia. Phytoplasmas are agriculturally important pathogens for more than one thousand plant species. ![]()
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